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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Engineering Array-Patterned Cathodes and Anodes for Synergistically Enabling High-Performance Lithium Metal

Hua Wang¹, Jianbo Li¹, Yunhui Huang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|March 17, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a novel patterned cathode for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) to prevent dendrite growth, enhancing safety and enabling fast charging. This design improves lithium plating and stripping for stable, high-performance batteries.

Keywords:

cell design electroactive surface area electrochemical performance lithium metal batteries structured electrodes

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) face challenges with lithium dendrite growth, impacting safety and cycle life, especially during fast charging.
Uncontrolled dendritic lithium (Li) growth hinders the commercialization of LMBs due to safety and cyclability concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stable Li metal anode by using a novel array-patterned LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode.
To enable homogeneous Li plating/stripping and improve Li-ion transport kinetics.
To enhance the overall performance and safety of LMBs.

Main Methods:

A simple, scalable calendaring method was used to prepare an array-patterned LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode.
Structured electrodes with patterned ditches and bulges were created for the Li metal anode.
Ultrasonic transmission mapping was employed to monitor gas behavior during cycling.

Main Results:

The structured electrodes increased electroactive surface area, lowering local current density and facilitating uniform Li plating/stripping.
The unique electrode architecture maintained structural integrity during sustained cycling due to internal cell pressure.
Achieved excellent rate capability (128 mA h g⁻¹ at 9 mA cm⁻²) and cycling stability (89.6% retention after 300 cycles at 1.5 mA cm⁻²).
Demonstrated no gas behavior in operating modified Li||LFP pouch cells.

Conclusions:

The novel patterned cathode design effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth, enhancing LMB safety and stability.
The simple fabrication method is scalable and applicable to other active materials for practical LMBs.
The developed structured electrodes and cell design offer a promising pathway towards high-performance, commercially viable LMBs.