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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
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Thyroid hormone profile in preeclampsia patients: a case control study.

Nii Ayite Aryee1, Kwame Adu-Bonsaffoh2, Benjamin Arko-Boham3

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, is common in pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Uncontrolled thyroid issues may increase pregnancy complication risks.

Keywords:
FT3FT4PreeclampsiaTSHgestational hypertensionthyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is linked to increased thyroid dysfunction.
  • Gestational hypertension may also be associated with thyroid alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thyroid hormone profiles in pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension.
  • To assess the risk of thyroid dysfunction in these high-risk pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited pregnant women in their second trimester: preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), and normotensive controls (NT).
  • Assessed thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, FT4) and thyroid dysfunction via blood samples.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent across all groups (3.3% PE/NT, 4.3% GH).
  • Mean FT4 levels were significantly higher in GH and PE groups compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism was noted in 1% of PE and 3.3% of NT groups.

Conclusions:

  • Undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism is present in all studied pregnant groups.
  • Uncontrolled hypothyroidism poses risks for pregnancy complications, especially in PE and GH.
  • Monitoring thyroid function is crucial for managing high-risk pregnancies.