Enhancing Therapeutic Processes in Videoconferencing Psychotherapy: Interview Study of Psychologists' Technological...

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Telehealth

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth, shifting psychotherapy from in-person to videoconference sessions.
• This transition may lead to the loss of crucial information typically gathered during face-to-face interactions, potentially impacting therapeutic outcomes.
• Videoconference psychotherapy (VCP) presents unique challenges and requires adaptation from mental health professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the global experiences of psychologists using videoconference psychotherapy (VCP).
• To identify technological features that can augment VCP and enhance the therapeutic process.
• To understand the impact of VCP systems on the psychologist-patient relationship and perceived control.

Main Methods:

• The study involved interviews with 17 psychologists from various countries, including Australia, England, Italy, Mexico, Spain, and the United States.
• Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data gathered from the interviews.
• Chaos Theory and the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model were utilized to interpret system dynamics and technological influences in VCP.

Main Results:

• Nine themes and 19 subthemes emerged, highlighting psychologists' strategies for managing VCP limitations and their need for greater technical control.
• Key themes included psychologists' attitudes, trust-building features, cognitive load reduction, emotional communication enhancement, and engagement strategies.
• Suggested technological enhancements encompass improved eye contact, emergency call functionality, screen control, interactive interfaces, and zooming capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Psychologists reported a diminished sense of control in the therapeutic relationship due to VCP system influence.
• Enhanced control over the VCP system is desired to better capture non-verbal cues, similar to in-person therapy.
• Implementing features like improved eye contact, screen control, and interactive interfaces can strengthen the therapeutic alliance and approximate in-person therapy dynamics.