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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

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Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

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Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

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Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

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Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
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Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions
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[Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor hypersensitivity].

Laura Romero-Sánchez1, Sara López-Freire1, Teresa González-Fernández1

  • 1Servicio de Alergia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, España. lauromsan@gmail.com.

Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors like celecoxib and etoricoxib can cause cross-reactivity skin reactions. Allergy testing, including challenge tests, is crucial before prescribing these drugs, as sulfonamides may be safe alternatives.

Keywords:
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugsCelecoxibCyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorsEtoricoxibHypersensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are often considered safe alternatives for patients with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity.
  • However, both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to COX-2 inhibitors have been reported.
  • Potential cross-reactivity with sulfonamides is a concern.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old patient developed a delayed skin reaction hours after taking celecoxib.
  • The patient had a prior, unconfirmed reaction to etoricoxib.
  • Skin tests were negative, but an oral challenge with etoricoxib was positive.

Findings:

  • This case demonstrates a singular instance of cross-reactive skin reactions between etoricoxib and celecoxib.
  • The patient exhibited tolerance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Implications:

  • Performing drug challenge tests is essential to confirm tolerance or hypersensitivity to specific COX-2 inhibitors before use.
  • Careful patient selection and diagnostic testing are vital in managing hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs and related drugs.
  • Sulfonamide-containing antibiotics may be safely administered in patients with documented COX-2 inhibitor hypersensitivity.