Calculus anuria: a urological emergency with an excellent outcome
Habeebullah1, Sanaullah Aga1, Sabeeta Khatri1
1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Insights
Urgent treatment for calculus anuria in children is crucial. Most patients regain normal kidney function after decompression procedures like double J stenting.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
Background:
- Calculus anuria, a severe condition, demands immediate intervention to prevent dire consequences.
- Identifying factors influencing short-term outcomes in pediatric calculus anuria is essential for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors influencing the short-term outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with calculus anuria.
- To analyze the effectiveness of different emergency decompression methods in this patient group.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 125 children (up to 18 years) with calculus anuria requiring emergency decompression.
- Data collected from January 2016 to December 2021 at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Pakistan.
- Evaluation of interventions including double J stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy.
Main Results:
- A significant majority (92%) of patients achieved normal renal function post-intervention.
- Double J stenting was the primary intervention (85%), followed by percutaneous nephrostomy (8%).
- No specific factors were identified for the 7% of patients who progressed to chronic kidney disease.
Conclusions:
- Emergency decompression, particularly double J stenting, is highly effective in restoring renal function in pediatric calculus anuria.
- While most patients recover, a small subset may progress to chronic kidney disease, warranting further investigation.
Abstract:
Calculus anuria is a catastrophic condition with dire consequences if not treated promptly. The purpose of this study was to identify factors which influence the short-term outcome of patients with calculus anuria. A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2016 to December 2021, in children up to the age of 18 years, who presented with calculus anuria and required emergency decompression at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Pakistan. One hundred and twenty-five children were included. Majority were born to consanguineous parents and a few of them had positive family history of stone disease. Severe illness was found in 25 (20%) patients and among them 8 (32%) required hemodialysis. Decompression by double J stenting is the preferred intervention in our institute and was done in 106 (85%) children, followed by percutaneous nephrostomy tube in 10 (8%) successfully. A small number of patients, 9 (7%) required both procedures to relieve their obstruction. A significant number of patients, about 115 (92%), attained normal renal functions after intervention. No pertinent factors were identified, relating to incomplete renal recovery in nine (7%) of the patients who unfortunately progressed to chronic kidney disease.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
01:30Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
01:27Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention