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Genomics in Treatment Development.

Yogesh Dwivedi¹, Richard C Shelton²

¹Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Advances in Neurobiology

|March 17, 2023

Summary

Genomic medicine has advanced treatments in many fields, but neuroscience lags due to complex genetic links. Epigenetics offers a promising avenue for developing novel central nervous system (CNS) disorder treatments.

Keywords:

Cytochrome enzymes Drug metabolism Drug–drug interactions Enrichment strategies Epigenetics Genetics Genome-wide association studies Genomics Pharmacogenomics Uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genomics
Pharmacogenomics
Epigenetics

Background:

The Human Genome Project enabled genomically focused treatments, yet neuroscience has seen limited progress.
Neurological and mental health conditions are rarely linked to single-gene variants, hindering genomic treatment development.
Current pharmacogenomic applications primarily focus on drug metabolism and adverse reactions, not novel therapy creation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the limited translation of genomic information into novel therapies in neuroscience.
To highlight epigenetics as a promising area for understanding and treating CNS disorders.
To investigate the role of environmental factors in epigenetic modifications relevant to brain function.

Main Methods:

Review of current genomic and epigenomic research in neuroscience.
Analysis of the limitations in translating genetic findings into clinical treatments for CNS disorders.
Exploration of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, influenced by environmental factors.

Main Results:

Genomic-based treatments have been less successful in neuroscience compared to other fields.
Epigenetics, influenced by environmental factors, presents potential new therapeutic targets for CNS disorders.
Environmental factors can induce chemical DNA modifications, impacting gene expression relevant to brain function.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic modifications induced by environmental factors are crucial for understanding CNS disorders.
Epigenetics holds significant potential for identifying future treatment targets in neuroscience.
Further research into epigenetics is vital for advancing neurological and mental health therapies.