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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

235
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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Posterior Cingulate Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.

Catherine Pepin1, Karine Brochu1, Paule Lessard-Bonaventure2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Neurology Division Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior cingulate epilepsy, often challenging to diagnose, presents with diverse auras and motor features in children and young adults. Surgical intervention generally leads to favorable outcomes for this drug-resistant epilepsy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Posterior cingulate epilepsy (PCE) and posterior middle cingulate epilepsy (pMCE) are underrecognized epilepsy syndromes.
  • These syndromes often manifest as drug-resistant lesional epilepsy in pediatric and young adult populations.

Approach:

  • A systematic review of 32 articles encompassing 69 patients with PCE or pMCE was performed.
  • The review aimed to consolidate current knowledge on the clinical characteristics, semiology, and treatment outcomes.

Key Points:

  • Patients frequently experienced sensory, autonomic, behavioral, and cognitive auras.
  • Motor manifestations varied, including asymmetric tonic posturing in pMCE and automotor features in PCE.
  • Impaired awareness was more common in PCE than pMCE.
  • Ictal scalp EEG provided limited localization, and interictal findings were nonspecific.
  • Surgical outcomes were generally positive, with lesionectomy or epileptogenic zone resection yielding good results.

Conclusions:

  • Posterior cingulate epilepsy represents a distinct epilepsy syndrome requiring further recognition and investigation.
  • Despite diagnostic challenges and limited noninvasive localization data, surgical treatment offers a promising therapeutic avenue.