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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

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The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
153
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
130
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

127
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Does eosinophilic esophagitis exist in India?

Kayal Vizhi Nagarajan1, Anupama Nagar Krishnamurthy2, Amit Yelsangikar2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, 560 092, India. kayal.doc@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is increasingly diagnosed in India. Proton pump inhibitors and dietary changes effectively treat most patients, but awareness and further studies are needed.

Keywords:
Atypical chest painDysphagiaElimination dietEsophageal hyper-eosinophiliaEsophageal micro-abscessEsophageal ringsEsophageal strictureFood impaction

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated esophageal disease.
  • While prevalent in Western countries, data on EoE in India is limited.
  • An increasing number of EoE cases are being diagnosed in Indian centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features of EoE in Indian patients.
  • To assess the effectiveness of standard-of-care treatment for EoE in this population.
  • To highlight the need for increased awareness and further research on EoE in India.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective evaluation of 73 patients with suspected EoE.
  • Diagnosis based on clinical, endoscopic, and esophageal biopsy findings.
  • Treatment with proton pump inhibitors and a six-food elimination diet, with follow-up for at least four weeks.

Main Results:

  • EoE was diagnosed in 17 out of 73 patients.
  • Standard-of-care treatment was effective in 16 patients.
  • Proton pump inhibitors with a six-food elimination diet showed high efficacy, with some patients requiring systemic steroids or endoscopic intervention.

Conclusions:

  • EoE is present in India with diverse clinical presentations.
  • A high index of clinical suspicion is crucial for timely diagnosis.
  • Increased awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, along with large-scale studies, is necessary to understand EoE prevalence in India.