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Risk factors and inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Thirumurthi Karthikeyan1, Mani Raja2, Devarajan Radha3
1Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Insights
Patients with more risk factors and elevated inflammatory markers face a higher risk of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Controlling modifiable factors like obesity and lifestyle choices can reduce STEMI burden.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Inflammation Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of mortality.
- Atherosclerosis is linked to inflammatory processes within coronary vessels.
- Acute coronary syndromes, like ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), are major manifestations of CAD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between traditional risk factors and inflammatory markers in patients with STEMI.
- To evaluate the role of these factors in the occurrence and complications of STEMI.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 100 STEMI patients and 100 matched controls.
- Data collection included medical history of risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, etc.) and anthropometric measurements (BMI).
- Analysis of inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), from blood samples.
Main Results:
- STEMI patients exhibited a higher prevalence of risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and increased BMI compared to controls.
- Elevated levels of hs-CRP and ESR were significantly observed in STEMI cases.
- Specific risk factor profiles were associated with different STEMI locations and increased complication rates.
Conclusions:
- A higher burden of risk factors and elevated inflammatory markers are strongly associated with increased STEMI risk and complications.
- Modifiable risk factors, including obesity and lifestyle choices, represent key targets for reducing the incidence and impact of STEMI.
Objectives:
The increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease [CAD] poses worrying statistics. Atherosclerosis of coronary vessels is the main culprit for the spectrum of CAD especially acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis is regarded as a consequence of inflammatory changes in the coronaries. Our study aimed to assess the role of risk factors and inflammatory markers with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI].
Methods:
100 patients with ST-elevation Myocardial infarction [STEMI] and 100 age and sex matched controls were included in the study. A history of risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes and hypertension was noted. A venous blood sample was obtained for analysis of inflammatory markers. The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed.
Results:
The cases had a significant number of risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, previous history of CAD, increased body mass index [BMI], and raised high sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]. Patients with anterior myocardial infarction were older and had hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients with inferior myocardial infarction had high BMI, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and alcoholism. Smokers, patients with diabetes mellitus, high total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, and hs-CRP were more prone to complications.
Conclusions:
Patients with a greater number of risk factors and raised inflammatory markers were at high risk of STEMI and its complications. An approach to control the modifiable risk factors like obesity and lifestyle changes can reduce the disease burden.
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