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New technologies to study helminth development and host-parasite interactions.

Collette Britton1, Roz Laing1, Tom N McNeilly2

  • 1School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

International Journal for Parasitology
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals parasite development and host immune responses at the individual cell level. This technology, alongside organoids, offers new avenues for studying host-parasite interactions and developing control strategies.

Keywords:
Cell atlasDevelopmentGene expressionHelminthHost responseNematodeOrganoidsSingle-cell RNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding parasite development and host immune modulation is crucial for disease pathology and control.
  • Previous bulk RNA sequencing and microarray analyses provided whole-tissue gene expression data but lacked cellular resolution.
  • Cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization were not captured by earlier methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in parasite biology and host immunity.
  • To highlight the creation of gene expression cell atlases for multicellular helminths.
  • To explore host cell responses, including immune and tissue repair mechanisms, during parasitic infections.

Main Methods:

  • Application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for high-resolution gene expression profiling.
  • Development of gene expression cell atlases for helminths.
  • Utilizing organoid technology (stem-cell derived mini-tissues) for in vitro host-parasite interaction studies.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq enables detailed gene profiling at the individual cell level, overcoming limitations of bulk methods.
  • Cell atlases provide insights into helminth development and host cellular responses.
  • Organoids offer a promising in vitro system for studying host-parasite interactions and parasite development.

Conclusions:

  • scRNA-seq significantly advances the study of parasite biology and host immunity by providing single-cell resolution.
  • Organoid technology presents a valuable tool for localized in vivo-like studies and in vitro research on helminth parasites.
  • These advanced techniques are key to designing novel strategies for parasite control and disease management.