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Repeated high-force eccentric exercise: effects on muscle pain and damage.

D J Newham1, D A Jones, P M Clarkson

  • 1Department of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Repeated maximal eccentric exercise reduced muscle pain and plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels. Muscle strength and function adaptations occurred faster with subsequent exercise bouts, indicating a training effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Adaptation
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Eccentric contractions are known to cause muscle damage and soreness.
  • Understanding the adaptive response to repeated eccentric exercise is crucial for training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of repeated maximal eccentric contractions on muscle pain, strength, and contractile properties.
  • To determine if adaptations occur with repeated bouts of eccentric exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Eight participants (5 women, 3 men) performed maximal eccentric elbow flexor contractions for 20 minutes on three occasions, 2 weeks apart.
  • Muscle pain, strength, contractile properties, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) were measured before and after each session.

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Main Results:

  • Muscle tenderness and plasma CK levels were highest after the first exercise bout and decreased with subsequent bouts.
  • Maximal strength decreased by ~50% after each bout, with 2-week recovery to ~80% of pre-exercise values.
  • Force-frequency characteristics showed a rightward shift, recovering over 2 weeks, with faster recovery rates after repeated bouts.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated maximal eccentric exercise leads to adaptation, evidenced by reduced muscle pain and faster recovery of strength and contractile properties.
  • This training effect is not due to increased muscle strength or fatigue resistance, nor changes in motor unit recruitment.