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Corticosteroids and surfactant increase lung volumes and decrease rupture pressures of preterm rabbit lungs.

T ElKady1, A Jobe

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90509.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 1, 1987
PubMed
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Corticosteroids and surfactant increase fetal rabbit lung volumes but decrease rupture pressures. Their combined effect on lung volume is additive, but rupture pressure is not further reduced, suggesting structural changes independent of surfactant levels.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lung development is crucial for neonatal survival.
  • Corticosteroids and surfactant are used to improve lung function in premature infants.
  • The independent and combined effects on lung mechanics require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of corticosteroids and surfactant on fetal rabbit lung mechanics.
  • To determine if these agents alter pressure-volume relationships, rupture pressures, and volumes.
  • To assess the combined impact of corticosteroids and surfactant on lung structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Pregnant does received betamethasone or vehicle, with fetal rabbits delivered subsequently.
  • Natural surfactant was instilled intratracheally into a subset of fetal rabbit lungs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lung pressure-volume curves, rupture pressures, and volumes were measured post-inflation.

    • Main Results:

    • Both corticosteroids and surfactant significantly increased maximal lung volumes (P < 0.01).
    • Both agents decreased lung rupture pressures (P < 0.01) compared to controls.
    • Combined treatment showed additive effects on lung volume but not rupture pressure; surfactant improved deflation stability, unlike corticosteroids.

    Conclusions:

    • Corticosteroids and surfactant enhance fetal lung volumes but reduce rupture pressures.
    • The structural lung changes induced by corticosteroids appear independent of surfactant pool size.
    • Combined therapy's effects on lung mechanics are complex, with surfactant offering unique benefits in lung stability.