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Diffuse interface model for a single-component liquid-vapor system.

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Summary

This study clarifies diffuse interface models for liquid-vapor systems, showing double-well approximations offer accurate predictions for interfacial dynamics, especially at lower density ratios.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Diffuse interface models are crucial for simulating liquid-vapor systems.
  • Understanding the interplay between equations of state and surface tension is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate theoretical relationships in diffuse interface modeling.
  • To analyze the force structure in the transition region of liquid-vapor systems.
  • To evaluate the double-well approximation's accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of equations of state and surface tension.
  • Numerical simulations of flat interfaces at equilibrium.
  • Application of the double-well approximation and comparison with van der Waals EOS.
  • Simulation of droplet impact using a well-balanced discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (WB-DUGKS).

Main Results:

  • Capillary forces from density gradients stabilize the system, leading to constant hydrodynamic pressure.
  • The double-well approximation provides qualitative predictions for high density ratios and satisfactory results for low density ratios.
  • Nonlinear variations in the generalized coefficient function explain approximation accuracy differences.
  • WB-DUGKS simulations confirm the double-well approximation's applicability to complex interfacial dynamics at low density ratios.

Conclusions:

  • The double-well approximation is a viable tool for diffuse interface modeling, particularly effective in low-density-ratio scenarios.
  • Theoretical insights into inconsistencies in mean-field force expressions are provided.
  • The study validates the use of advanced numerical schemes for complex fluid phenomena.