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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Assessing Phagocytic Clearance of Cell Death in Experimental Stroke by Ligatable Fluorescent Probes
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DNA sensing in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.

Shi W Zhang1, Chao R Wu1, Hong Liao1

  • 1New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|March 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The innate immune system

Keywords:
DNA sensorsabnormal DNAinflammatory responseinnate immune responseischemic stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The innate immune response is crucial in ischemic stroke pathology.
  • Inflammation from the innate immune system impedes stroke recovery.
  • Sensing abnormal DNA is a key innate immune mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of DNA sensing in ischemic stroke.
  • To focus on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) as key DNA sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of innate immunity and DNA sensing in ischemic stroke.
  • Focus on specific DNA sensors: TLR9, AIM2, and cGAS.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal DNA is a primary trigger for innate immune responses in stroke.
  • DNA sensors like TLR9, AIM2, and cGAS play significant roles.
  • These sensors mediate inflammatory pathways impacting stroke outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • DNA sensing pathways are critical in ischemic stroke pathogenesis.
  • Targeting DNA sensors may offer therapeutic strategies for stroke recovery.