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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface
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Postbiotics Implication in the Microbiota-Host Intestinal Epithelial Cells Mutualism.

Harpreet Kaur1, Gurjeet Kaur2,3, Syed Azmal Ali4,5

  • 1Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, 132001, India.

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
|March 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Post-biotics, like p40, activate the EGF receptor in intestinal cells, promoting gut health. Neonatal exposure reprograms cells for long-term protection against colitis by boosting regulatory T cells.

Keywords:
DysbiosisIntestinal healthLactobacillusPostbioticsProbiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Gut microbiota and host interactions
  • Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) biology
  • Immunology and inflammation

Background:

  • Host-microbiota interactions are crucial for intestinal homeostasis.
  • Commensal bacteria and IECs form the first line of defense.
  • Post-biotics, such as p40, regulate IECs and offer protective effects.

Conclusions:

  • Post-biotic factors play a significant role in maintaining intestinal health and homeostasis.
  • The crosstalk between IECs and post-biotic factors warrants further investigation.
  • More research is needed to establish the clinical efficacy of post-biotics for gut health.