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Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

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Mast cells in type 2 skin inflammation: Maintenance and function.

Yuki Honda Keith^1,2, Gyohei Egawa¹, Tetsuya Honda³

¹Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

European Journal of Immunology

|March 18, 2023

Summary

Mast cells (MCs) play dual roles in atopic dermatitis (AD), contributing to inflammation and itch, but also suppressing it by promoting regulatory T cells and enhancing skin barrier function.

Keywords:

Atopic dermatitis IgE Mast cells Pruritus Type 2 skin inflammation

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Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

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Published on: January 26, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Cell Biology

Background:

Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells crucial for tissue homeostasis and inflammation.
Increased MCs are observed in atopic dermatitis (AD) and type 2 skin inflammation, exhibiting both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions.
Environmental factors like Staphylococcus aureus can activate skin MCs, initiating AD pathogenesis through incompletely understood mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the maintenance of mast cells in skin under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
To elucidate the multifaceted roles of mast cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 skin inflammation, particularly in AD.
To explore the mechanisms underlying mast cell contributions to both the exacerbation and resolution of AD-like inflammation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on mast cell biology and function in skin inflammation.
Analysis of studies investigating mast cell activation, degranulation, and cytokine secretion in AD models.
Examination of research on mast cell interactions with other immune cells (e.g., Tregs) and their impact on skin barrier.

Main Results:

Mast cells contribute to pruritus in AD via both IgE-dependent and -independent degranulation.
MCs can suppress type 2 inflammation by promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and IL-2 secretion.
Skin MCs enhance skin barrier function, potentially mitigating AD-like inflammation.

Conclusions:

Mast cell functions in AD are complex and context-dependent, influenced by localization and experimental models.
Understanding mast cell heterogeneity and regulation is key to developing targeted therapies for AD.
Further research is needed to fully unravel the intricate mechanisms of mast cell involvement in type 2 skin inflammation.