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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

The Clinical Application of Tumor Treating Fields Therapy in Glioblastoma
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Anti-TIGIT therapies for solid tumors: a systematic review.

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This summary is machine-generated.

New TIGIT antibodies show promise in cancer immunotherapy, especially when combined with PD-1 inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical trials indicate a safe approach with manageable side effects.

Keywords:
TIGITimmune therapylung cancertiragolumab

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Existing immunotherapies like PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors have limitations, necessitating novel approaches.
  • TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) is an immune checkpoint that inhibits T cells, presenting a therapeutic target.
  • Preclinical data suggest TIGIT inhibition can restore anti-tumor responses and synergize with PD-1 blockade.

Approach:

  • A systematic review of PubMed-referenced clinical trials for anti-TIGIT therapies was conducted.
  • Phase I/II trial data for vibostolimab, etigilimab, and tiragolumab (in combination with anti-PD-1 agents) were analyzed.
  • ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for ongoing and completed anti-TIGIT trials, focusing on patient populations and trial phases.

Key Points:

  • Anti-TIGIT therapies, including vibostolimab and tiragolumab, are being investigated, often in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies.
  • The Phase II CITYSCAPE trial showed improved objective response rate and progression-free survival with tiragolumab plus atezolizumab in advanced NSCLC.
  • Early-phase trials suggest anti-TIGIT is a safe therapeutic strategy with an acceptable toxicity profile, even with combination therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting TIGIT represents a safe and promising novel immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment.
  • Combination therapy with anti-TIGIT and anti-PD-1 antibodies is a key area of research, particularly for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Further clinical trials, including Phase III studies, are ongoing to validate the efficacy and safety of anti-TIGIT agents.