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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Metacognitions about suicidal thoughts.

Thomas Forkmann1, Anna Knorr2, Christiane Gerdes2

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|March 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed the Scales for Suicide-related Metacognitions (SSM) to assess beliefs linked to suicidal rumination. The SSM is a valid and reliable tool, aiding understanding of suicidal crises.

Keywords:
MetacognitionsMetacognitive modelRuminationSuicidal ideation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Rumination on suicide is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior.
  • The metacognitive model suggests metacognitive beliefs influence rumination.
  • Suicide-specific metacognitive beliefs require assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a questionnaire assessing suicide-specific positive and negative metacognitive beliefs.
  • To investigate the psychometric properties of the Scales for Suicide-related Metacognitions (SSM).

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Scales for Suicide-related Metacognitions (SSM).
  • Administered the SSM to two samples with lifetime suicide ideation (N=214 and N=56).
  • Assessed convergent validity using measures of suicidal ideation, rumination, and depression.

Main Results:

  • Factor analyses confirmed a two-factor structure for the SSM.
  • The SSM demonstrated good psychometric properties, including construct validity and stability.
  • Positive metacognitions predicted concurrent and prospective suicide-specific rumination, independent of depression and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

  • The SSM is a valid and reliable measure for suicide-related metacognitions.
  • Findings support a metacognitive framework for understanding suicidal crises.
  • Identified potential factors influencing the activation and maintenance of suicide-specific rumination.