Periprosthetic joint infection caused by kytococcus schroeteri: The first reported case and a review of the literature

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Orthopedics

Background:

• Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are frequently caused by Gram-positive cocci.
• Common culprits include Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
• Kytococcus schroeteri is a rarely implicated Gram-positive coccus, typically found as skin commensal.

Observation:

• This report details the first documented case of Kytococcus schroeteri causing a PJI.
• K. schroeteri is part of the micrococcus branch, with limited known pathogenic potential.
• Few human infections by K. schroeteri have been documented, often linked to implants or immunocompromised patients.

Findings:

• Kytococcus schroeteri was identified as the causative agent of a periprosthetic joint infection.
• This represents a novel pathogen in the context of orthopedic implant-related infections.
• Only three prior reports of osteoarticular infections by this bacterium exist.

Implications:

• This case expands the spectrum of known pathogens capable of causing PJI.
• It underscores the need for broader microbiological consideration in recalcitrant joint infections.
• Further research into K. schroeteri's pathogenicity and clinical significance is warranted.