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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Omitting continuous memory recall from dual-task interventions does not reduce intervention effectiveness.

Kevin van Schie1, Suzanne C van Veen2

  • 1Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

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Summary

Continuous memory recall may not be essential for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). High-demand dual-tasks significantly reduce memory vividness and emotionality, even without constant recall.

Keywords:
Autobiographical memoryDual taxationEMDROnline studyPTSDWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) involves recalling traumatic memories alongside dual-tasks.
  • Previous research indicates that increased dual-task load reduces memory vividness and emotionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if continuous memory recall is necessary when performing high-demand dual-tasks in EMDR.
  • To compare the effects of dual-tasks with and without concurrent memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Two online experiments with 172 and 198 participants, respectively.
  • Participants recalled negative autobiographical memories and were assigned to Memory Recall + Dual-Tasks, Dual-Tasks Only, or No Intervention Control groups.
  • Dual-tasks involved complex pattern tapping and spelling aloud; memory vividness, emotionality, and accessibility were measured before and after.

Main Results:

  • High-demand dual-tasks significantly reduced memory vividness, emotionality, and accessibility compared to controls.
  • No significant additional benefit was observed from continuous memory recall when combined with dual-tasks.
  • The primary effects were driven by the dual-task manipulation itself.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous memory recall may not be a necessary component for the effectiveness of dual-tasking in EMDR.
  • The demanding nature of the dual-task appears to be the main driver of memory alteration.
  • Further research is needed to explore the necessity of memory (re)activation and alternative explanations for these findings.