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Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

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Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Assembly and Tracking of Microbial Community Development within a Microwell Array Platform
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Oral polymicrobial communities: Assembly, function, and impact on diseases.

George Hajishengallis1, Richard J Lamont2, Hyun Koo3

  • 1Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|March 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Oral microbial communities form complex structures that regulate health and disease. Understanding these polymicrobial communities is key to addressing oral and systemic health issues.

Keywords:
cariesdysbiosisinflammationoral microbiomeperiodontitisspatial structuresystemic comorbidities

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Community Ecology

Background:

  • Oral microbial communities exhibit complex spatial organization.
  • Intra-community signaling and environmental factors shape community function.
  • Oral dysbiosis is linked to local diseases like periodontitis and dental caries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging concepts on the collective functional properties of oral polymicrobial communities.
  • To explain how these properties impact oral health and disease.
  • To discuss the systemic effects of oral dysbiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of new and emerging concepts.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of oral polymicrobial communities.
  • Analysis of the impact of community function on health and disease.

Main Results:

  • Oral microbial communities possess sophisticated signaling systems for collective regulation.
  • Community function is influenced by intra-community interactions and host/environmental variables.
  • Oral dysbiosis can lead to systemic effects and affect comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Collective properties of oral polymicrobial communities are crucial for maintaining homeostasis or causing disease.
  • Understanding these properties is vital for addressing both local oral and systemic health.
  • Emerging concepts offer new insights into the complex interplay within the oral microbiome.