Peatland dynamics: A review of process-based models and approaches

Area of Science:

• Earth and Environmental Sciences
• Climate Science
• Ecosystem Modeling

Background:

• Peatlands significantly influence global climate and biogeochemical cycles.
• Predicting peatland dynamics is complex due to model uncertainties and variety.
• Existing models often lack standardization, hindering intercomparison and optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and classify process-based models simulating peatland dynamics (energy, water, carbon, nitrogen).
• To assess model applicability, scale, and adherence to Free Open-Source Software (FOSS) and FAIR principles.
• To identify needs for standardization, coordination, and future peatland modeling efforts.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search identifying 4900 articles, selecting 45 models appearing at least twice.
• Classification of models into terrestrial ecosystem, hydrological, land surface, and eco-hydrological categories.
• Technical review of 12 selected models based on FOSS/FAIR assessment, focusing on applicability, scale, and technical aspects.

Main Results:

• 45 process-based models were identified and categorized; 18 had peatland-specific modules.
• Applicability domains (hydrology, carbon) and peatland types (northern bogs, fens) were mapped.
• A reduced set of 12 models were technically reviewed, revealing overlaps and areas for optimization.

Conclusions:

• Standardization of data exchange and model calibration/validation is crucial for intercomparison.
• Optimizing existing models is more effective than creating redundant ones.
• A peatland community modeling platform and international intercomparison project are proposed for future development.