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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adulthood01:27

Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adulthood

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Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines a series of stages through which individuals progress across the lifespan. Each stage involves a psychosocial conflict that significantly influences personal growth and well-being. Three key stages — intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair — highlight the developmental challenges faced in adulthood.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Cognition and Mortality Risk Among Midlife and Older Americans.

Dana A Glei1, Carlos F Mendes de Leon1,2, Chioun Lee3

  • 1Center for Population and Health, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|March 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Worse cognitive function predicts mortality even in working-age adults. This cognitive decline serves as an early warning sign for premature death, even before dementia is apparent.

Keywords:
Cognitive functionDeathUnited StatesWorking ages

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a known predictor of mortality in older adults.
  • The association between cognitive function and mortality in working-age populations remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cognitive function and mortality in working-age adults.
  • To compare the magnitude of this risk with that in older age groups.
  • To determine if the association persists after adjusting for confounders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a U.S. national survey (N=3,973) with cognitive testing and mortality follow-up.
  • Employed Cox hazard models to analyze the association between cognition and mortality.
  • Adjusted for potential confounding factors in the analysis.

Main Results:

  • Worse cognitive function is associated with increased mortality risk across all ages.
  • The hazard ratio for mortality diminishes with age, from 2.0 at age 55 to 1.4 at age 85 (fully adjusted).
  • Absolute mortality differences are larger at older ages due to lower baseline mortality rates in younger groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive function may serve as an early indicator of premature mortality, even in working ages.
  • This association is observed even when dementia is rare.
  • Cognitive assessment could be a valuable tool for identifying individuals at risk of early death.