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Related Concept Videos

Stability of structures01:14

Stability of structures

204
In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
204
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

254
Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
254
Stresses under Combined Loadings01:23

Stresses under Combined Loadings

217
When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
217
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

200
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
200
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

228
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
228
Eccentric Loading01:16

Eccentric Loading

452
Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under...
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Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
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Trunk stability in fatiguing frequency-dependent lifting activities.

G Chini1, T Varrecchia1, S Conforto2

  • 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy.

Gait & Posture
|March 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trunk stability increases with lifting risk and task duration, potentially due to greater muscle activation. This finding may help prevent work-related low-back pain disorders through early ergonomic interventions.

Keywords:
Biomechanical riskTrunk stabilityWork-related low back pain

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Work-related low-back disorders (WLBDs) are common and costly musculoskeletal issues.
  • WLBDs can arise from altered torso equilibrium due to biomechanical or neuromuscular factors.
  • Spinal stability, influenced by passive/active tissues and CNS control, is crucial for reacting to disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate trunk stability using Lyapunov's maximum exponent during repetitive lifting.
  • Analyze trunk stability in relation to different risk levels.
  • Evaluate the ability of trunk stability measures to discriminate between risk levels.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen healthy volunteers performed fatiguing lifts at low, medium, and high NIOSH-defined risk levels.
  • Trunk stability (λMax) was calculated from IMU-recorded trunk accelerations at pelvis and spine levels.
  • ANOVA analyzed effects of risk level and time on λMax; correlation with trunk muscle co-activation (sEMG) was examined.

Main Results:

  • Trunk stability (λMax) increased with higher risk levels and task progression.
  • A negative correlation was found between λMax and trunk muscle co-activation.
  • Increased spinal stability appears partly due to enhanced trunk muscle co-activation.

Conclusions:

  • Kinematic data can generate stability measures for risk assessment in fatiguing tasks.
  • These measures may aid in detecting WLBD risk and enabling early ergonomic interventions.
  • This approach offers a potential tool for proactive occupational health strategies.