Progesterone increases the success of in vitro fertilization via enhanced sperm hyperactivation in mice

Progesterone (P) enhances spermatozoal hyperactivation, a capacitation event. Hyperactivation is associated with successful in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, we examined the effects of P on hyperactivation and IVF in mice. P enhanced spermatozoal hyperactivation and increased IVF success rate in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, P affected spermatozoal hyperactivation and IVF through the membrane progesterone receptor of the spermatozoal head. These results show that P regulates spermatozoal capacitation and fertilization in mice. The concentration of P changes during the estrous cycle, indicating that spermatozoa are capacitated in response to the oviductal environment and subsequently fertilize the oocyte.