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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
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Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
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The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
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Power Generation by a Limestone-Contained Putty.

Moon-Hyung Jang1,2, Sean P Rabbitte1, Yu Lei2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel, cost-effective triboelectric generator using limestone-based putty. This putty-based device achieves high power density and an expanded operational frequency bandwidth for energy harvesting applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting
  • Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Background:

  • Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a promising avenue for energy harvesting.
  • Existing TENGs often face limitations in operational frequency bandwidth and material cost.
  • Exploring novel, tacky materials is crucial for advancing TENG technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel contact-separation triboelectric generator concept utilizing limestone-based mounting putty.
  • To investigate the potential of tacky materials for power generation and expand operational frequency bandwidth.
  • To develop a cost-effective and easily buildable power generation device.

Main Methods:

  • A contact-separation triboelectric generator was fabricated using limestone-based putty and a metallized polyester (PET/Al) sheet.
  • A parametric study determined the optimal putty thickness (0.6 mm) through shaker tests at 40 Hz.
  • The generator's performance was evaluated, including peak power, power density, and durability over 250,000 cycles.

Main Results:

  • A peak power of 16 mW (25.6 W/m²) was achieved at 40 Hz with an 8 MΩ load.
  • A manual prototype generator reached a peak power of 120 mW at approximately 2 Hz.
  • The putty generator demonstrated an expanded frequency bandwidth up to 80 Hz, significantly higher than traditional TENGs.
  • The material composition (limestone with synthetic rubber) ensures durability against grain fracture during repeated cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed limestone-based putty triboelectric generator offers a cost-effective and high-performance solution for energy harvesting.
  • The device exhibits a significantly broader operational frequency bandwidth compared to conventional TENGs.
  • This novel generator holds potential for diverse energy harvesting and sensor applications.