Crab Shell-Derived SnS₂/C and FeS₂/C Carbon Composites as Anodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

The demand for energy storage devices has increased significantly, and the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries is limited by scarce lithium resources. Therefore, alternative sodium-ion batteries which are rich in resource may become more competitive in the future market. In this work, we synthesized low-cost SnS₂/C and FeS₂/C anode materials of sodium-ion batteries which used waste crab shells as biomass carbon precursor. The SnS₂ nanosheet and FeS₂ nanosphere structures are deposited on the crab shell-derived carbon through simple hydrothermal reaction. Due to the coexistence of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and crab-derived biomass carbon, the anode material has excellent cycle stability and rate performance. SnS₂/C and FeS₂/C deliver capacities of 535.4 and 479 mA h g^-1 at the current density of 0.1 A g^-1, respectively. This study explored an effective and economical strategy to use biomass and TMDs to construct high-performance sodium-ion batteries.