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Generator Voltage Control01:21

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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand,...
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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

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The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
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There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
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Distributed Loads01:19

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Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
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Using EV charging control to provide building load flexibility.

Harsimrat Singh Bhundar1, Lukas Golab2, Srinivasan Keshav2

  • 1University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.

Energy Informatics
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electric vehicle (EV) charging control can significantly reduce the need for expensive stationary storage in buildings. Bidirectional EV charging offers substantial savings, enhancing grid flexibility with renewable energy integration.

Keywords:
Building load shapingCharging controlModel-predictive control

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Systems Engineering
  • Smart Grid Technologies
  • Building Energy Management

Background:

  • Buildings consume a substantial portion of electrical energy, contributing significantly to overall grid load.
  • Integrating renewable energy sources necessitates flexible building loads to balance generation variability.
  • Traditional stationary storage solutions for load flexibility are often prohibitively expensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cost reduction potential of electric vehicle (EV) charging control for flexible building loads.
  • To assess the impact of unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging on stationary storage requirements.
  • To develop and evaluate a model-predictive control algorithm for reshaping building load profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Design and implementation of a model-predictive control (MPC) algorithm for building load reshaping.
  • Simulation of two realistic use cases to evaluate the MPC algorithm's performance.
  • Quantification of stationary storage reduction achieved through EV charging control strategies.

Main Results:

  • The developed EV charging control strategy effectively reshapes building loads to match desired profiles.
  • EV charging control significantly reduces the required amount of stationary storage compared to existing methods.
  • Bidirectional EV charging demonstrates a substantial further reduction in stationary storage needs.

Conclusions:

  • Exploiting EV charging, particularly bidirectional charging, is a cost-effective strategy for enhancing building load flexibility.
  • The MPC algorithm successfully minimizes stationary storage requirements by leveraging EV charging infrastructure.
  • This approach offers a practical solution for integrating higher levels of renewable energy into the grid.