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Effects of anti-inflammatory therapies on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dandan Li1, Jiaxin Zhong1, Qirui Zhang2

  • 1National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Anti-inflammatory therapies significantly improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reducing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). These treatments also lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, indicating reduced inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic inflammation.
  • The efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies for T2DM glycemic control requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess the impact of anti-inflammatory therapies on glycemic control in patients with T2DM.
  • To evaluate the effects of targeting specific inflammatory pathways on diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) up to September 2022.
  • Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated anti-inflammatory agents targeting cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB).
  • Data were synthesized using meta-analysis, assessing heterogeneity, and performing sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen RCTs involving 3729 participants were included in the meta-analyses.
  • Anti-inflammatory therapies significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD = -10.04), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD = -0.37), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD = -1.05) compared to controls.
  • Combination therapies targeting IL-1β and TNF-α showed superior efficacy. Patients with shorter T2DM duration appeared to benefit more.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-inflammatory therapies targeting diabetes pathogenesis effectively improve glycemic control in T2DM.
  • These therapies lead to significant reductions in key glycemic markers (FPG, HbA1c) and inflammatory marker (CRP).
  • Targeting multiple inflammatory pathways and considering disease duration may optimize treatment outcomes.
Keywords:
anti-inflammatory therapiesantidiabetic drugclinical trialmeta-analysestype 2 diabetes

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