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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

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Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
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Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

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Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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First trans-eunicellane terpene synthase in bacteria.

Zining Li1, Baofu Xu1, Volga Kojasoy2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Chem
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered AlbS, the first trans-eunicellane terpene synthase (TS) in bacteria. This finding highlights bacteria as a source of novel terpenoids and expands understanding of eunicellane biosynthesis.

Keywords:
Bacterial terpenoidsditerpenoidenzymeseunicellanegenome miningisotope labelingmechanismquantum chemical calculationsterpene synthase

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Microbial Biochemistry
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Terpenoids represent a vast class of natural products, yet their diversity in prokaryotes remains largely unexplored.
  • Genomic data suggests significant untapped potential for bacterial terpenoid biosynthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel terpene synthases (TS) from bacteria.
  • To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway and mechanism of a newly discovered trans-eunicellane TS.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of the terpene synthase AlbS from Streptomyces albireticuli.
  • Enzymatic assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and deuterium labeling studies.
  • Quantum chemical calculations to support mechanistic investigations.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of AlbS, the first characterized trans-eunicellane terpene synthase from a prokaryotic source.
  • Detailed mechanistic elucidation of AlbS cyclization through mutagenesis and isotopic labeling.
  • Identification of key mechanistic differences between trans-eunicellane (AlbS) and cis-eunicellane (Bnd4) terpene synthases.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteria harbor significant potential for discovering novel terpenoids and biosynthetic enzymes.
  • The characterization of AlbS expands the known diversity of the eunicellane family and their enzymatic machinery.
  • AlbS serves as a model for studying the biosynthesis of 6,10-bicyclic ring systems.