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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

194
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
194
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Longitudinal multi-omics alterations response to 8-week risperidone monotherapy: Evidence linking cortical thickness,

Xiaofen Zong1, Gaohua Wang1, Zhaowen Nie1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Antipsychotic treatment alters brain structure and symptoms, potentially driven by gene expression and epigenetic changes. This study links DNA methylation to clinical improvement in schizophrenia patients.

Keywords:
Allen Human Brain AtlasDNA methylationcortical thicknessmagnetic resonance imagingrisperidoneschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Antipsychotic treatment can alter cortical thickness (CT) and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.
  • The underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms driving these changes remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptional and epigenetic underpinnings of antipsychotic treatment-related changes in cortical thickness and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 42 first-episode schizophrenia patients (FESP) and 38 controls.
  • T1-weighted MRI scans before and after 8-week risperidone monotherapy for CT estimation.
  • Genomic DNA methylation (DNAm) analysis using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip.
  • Partial least squares (PLS) regression and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to link CT changes, gene expression, and DNAm with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A significant PLS1 component (2,098 genes) associated with longitudinal CT alterations was identified, enriched in neurobiological and cancer pathways.
  • DNA methylation of 33 key genes within the PLS1 component was significantly correlated with the rate of clinical symptom reduction in patients.
  • This study establishes a link between epigenetic modifications and treatment response in schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in cortical thickness and clinical symptoms following antipsychotic treatment are likely driven by transcriptional and epigenetic factors.
  • A novel
  • three-step
  • roadmap integrating multiple omics data is proposed for biomarker discovery.
  • This approach advances precise care strategies by moving beyond single-omic analyses for treatment response prediction.