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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
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Left ventricular systolic function in subjects conceived through assisted reproductive technologies.

Franziska Sciuk1, Theresa Vilsmaier2, Marie Kramer1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may be linked to reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic function in offspring, but differences in ejection fraction and fractional shortening disappear after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords:
M-mode echocardiographyassisted reproductive technologiesejection fractionleft ventricular systolic functionpediatricstwo-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are increasingly used for infertility treatment, contributing to a significant percentage of births.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential cardiovascular alterations, including left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, in individuals conceived via ART.
  • This study aimed to compare LV systolic function in ART-conceived subjects versus spontaneously conceived peers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare left ventricular (LV) systolic function in children and adolescents conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) versus those conceived spontaneously.
  • To investigate potential cardiovascular alterations in ART-conceived individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized M-Mode echocardiography, pulsed wave Doppler, and 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) to assess LV morphology and function.
  • Measured LV ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) using M-Mode (Teichholz formula) and 2DSTE.
  • Analyzed data from 64 ART subjects and 83 controls, with no significant differences in age or sex.

Main Results:

  • ART subjects showed significantly lower M-Mode assessed EF and FS compared to controls (p=0.046 and p=0.038, respectively).
  • After adjusting for birth weight percentile and gestational age, these differences in M-Mode EF and FS became non-significant.
  • LV morphology and other systolic function parameters (mitral annular plane systolic excursion, aortic velocity time integral, global peak longitudinal strain, 2DSTE EF) were comparable between groups.

Conclusions:

  • While initial M-mode assessments suggested lower LV systolic function in ART subjects, these differences were not significant after covariate adjustment.
  • All assessed LV systolic function parameters, particularly those from 2DSTE, were comparable between ART-conceived and spontaneously conceived individuals.
  • Further long-term studies are necessary to determine the clinical significance of ART on LV function and potential cardiovascular morbidity.