Heyde Syndrome Complicated by Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report
Motoaki Imawaka1, Yudai Tanaka2, Tsuyoshi Mishiro3
1Family Medicine, Shimane University Medical School, Izumo, JPN.
Cureus
|March 20, 2023
Summary
Heyde syndrome, a triad of aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and von Willebrand syndrome, is often seen in older adults. Early identification through blood smear analysis is crucial for managing this complex condition.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Heyde syndrome presents as a triad of aortic stenosis (AS), gastrointestinal bleeding, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome.
- Age-related degeneration is the primary cause of AS, a condition increasingly prevalent in aging populations.
- Approximately 20% of patients with severe AS exhibit symptoms of Heyde syndrome.
Observation:
- A case study involved an elderly patient with primary thrombocytosis presenting with bloody stools due to an intestinal arteriovenous malformation.
- The patient's diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of severe aortic stenosis and schistocytes in peripheral blood smears.
- This highlights the potential complication of valvular diseases in chronic hematological disorders.
Findings:
- The diagnosis of Heyde syndrome was established by identifying severe aortic stenosis and schistocytes.
- Schistocytes, or fragmented red blood cells, are key indicators in peripheral blood smears.
- The clinical course and blood smear findings are critical for diagnosing Heyde syndrome.
Implications:
- Prompt consideration of Heyde syndrome is warranted in patients with severe aortic stenosis experiencing rapid anemia progression.
- Peripheral blood smear analysis is a vital diagnostic tool for identifying schistocytes.
- Recognizing Heyde syndrome aids in managing complex cases involving both cardiac and hematological abnormalities.
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