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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets

Published on: October 3, 2014

Crisscross multilayering of cell sheets.

Trinish Sarkar¹, Victor Yashunsky^1,2, Louis Brézin^1,3

¹Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris, France.

|March 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a new way muscle cells form perpendicular layers in vitro. Extracellular matrix (ECM) at stationary defects guides cell organization, creating crisscross muscle bilayers essential for hydrostatic skeletons.

Keywords:

active cell nematics collective cell behaviors multilayers orientation

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Area of Science:

Cell biology
Biophysics
Developmental biology

Background:

Hydrostatic skeletons rely on perpendicularly oriented muscle cell layers.
In vivo, muscle bilayers assemble and develop with a specific crisscross orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify an alternative mechanism for crisscross bilayering of myoblasts in vitro.
To understand the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in this process.

Main Methods:

Describing myoblast sheets as contractile active nematics.
Observing topological defects and their self-propulsion.
Analyzing cell behavior around stationary defects and ECM production.

Main Results:

Myoblast sheets exhibit nematic order with self-propelling topological defects.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) production leads to a subpopulation of stationary defects.
Perpendicular bilayering occurs at these stationary defects, mediated by ECM secretion.

Conclusions:

A novel in vitro mechanism for crisscross muscle bilayer formation was identified.
Stationary topological defects, influenced by ECM, orchestrate cell migration and organization.
This process provides insights into the development of hydrostatic skeletons.