Dynamic transcriptomic responses to divergent acute exercise stimuli in young adults
Kaleen M Lavin1,2,3, Zachary A Graham1,2,3,4, Jeremy S McAdam1,2,3
1Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States.
Physiological Genomics
|March 20, 2023
Summary
Traditional exercise training (TRAD) showed more consistent gene responses than high-intensity tactical training (HITT). Both exercise types induce distinct molecular adaptations in muscle and extracellular vesicles, offering insights into exercise response mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Molecular Biology
- Transcriptomics
Background:
- Acute exercise triggers dynamic transcriptional changes crucial for health and performance adaptations.
- Traditional (TRAD) and high-intensity tactical training (HITT) are prescribed for distinct benefits, but their molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.
- Comparing the transcriptome-wide responses to TRAD and HITT can elucidate shared and unique molecular adaptations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the acute transcriptome-wide responses in skeletal muscle and extracellular vesicles (EVs) to TRAD and HITT in young adults.
- To identify differentially expressed transcripts and analyze regulatory relationships within and between exercise protocols.
- To investigate the temporal dynamics of molecular responses to distinct exercise stimuli.
Main Methods:
- Young adults were randomized to either TRAD or HITT exercise protocols.
- Skeletal muscle and serum-derived EVs were collected immediately, 3, and 24 hours post-exercise.
- Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze small, long, and circular RNA. Singular value decomposition identified key molecular circuits.
Main Results:
- TRAD generally elicited a stronger transcriptional response than HITT, with considerable overlap and key differences observed.
- TRAD showed more consistent protein-coding gene responses, while HITT induced differential microRNA expression enriched in brain regions.
- Analysis revealed shared and unique molecular responses, with identified latent variables highlighting temporal dynamics and interregulatory relationships.
Conclusions:
- Distinct exercise protocols induce unique and shared transcriptomic responses in skeletal muscle and EVs.
- Findings provide groundwork for understanding relationships between protein-coding genes and regulatory transcripts post-exercise.
- Further research is needed to explore these molecular circuits in diverse populations and exercise modalities.
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