Tap-Tap: Learning Endonasal and Percutaneous Nasal Osteotomy Techniques on 3D-Printed Midface Models

Nasal osteotomy is one of the most challenging steps of rhinoplasty. Lack of hands-on training and confidence with this procedure adds to the complexity for learners and trainees. As three-dimensional (3D) printing becomes increasingly accessible, simulation on 3D printed models has the potential to address this educational need in a safe, reproducible, and clinically realistic manner. The simulation session described in this communication, which utilized our low-cost, 3D-printed nasal osteotomy ($12.37) task trainer, produced both educational and confidence benefits for trainees. Here we describe the design, organization, curriculum, and pilot data for a 3D-printed nasal osteotomy task trainer for the simulation of endonasal and percutaneous nasal osteotomy.