Epigenetics in developmental defects of enamel: A scoping review

Area of Science:

• Dental Research
• Developmental Biology
• Epigenetics

Background:

• Epigenetics significantly influences normal enamel formation and developmental defects of enamel (DDE).
• Understanding epigenetic regulation is crucial for addressing enamel development issues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the regulatory role of epigenetics in physiological amelogenesis.
• To review epigenetic mechanisms involved in the occurrence of DDE.
• To provide evidence for early DDE prediction and clinical management.

Main Methods:

• Extensive literature review of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases.
• Included studies up to November 30, 2022.
• Selected in vivo and in vitro studies on epigenetic effects in amelogenesis.

Main Results:

• 22 studies were included in the review.
• Epigenetic factors regulate gene expression controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, enamel secretion, and mineralization.
• Altered epigenetic modifications can disrupt enamel quantity and quality, leading to DDE.

Conclusions:

• Epigenetics plays a key role in regulating amelogenesis and DDE.
• Epigenetic modifications alter gene expression related to enamel formation.
• This offers a new perspective for early DDE prediction and clinical management.