Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Medical Informatics
• Genomics

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death.
• Existing diagnostic and treatment advancements are hindered by communication barriers between clinicians and researchers.
• These barriers stem from the complex and diverse clinical phenotypes of CVDs and a lack of standardized terminology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the need for standardized terminology in describing cardiovascular disease phenotypes.
• To review recent advancements in the classification of major CVD types.
• To provide a reference for future cardiovascular research by examining progress in phenotypic studies.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of recent advances in CVD classification.
• Analysis of progress in cardiovascular phenotypic studies.
• Examination of initiatives like the Human Phenotype Ontology for standardized disease description.

Main Results:

• Identification of challenges in CVD phenotype standardization.
• Overview of progress in classifying major cardiovascular disease types.
• Highlighting the importance of unified terminology for research and clinical practice.

Conclusions:

• Establishing standardized terminology for cardiovascular diseases is essential for overcoming communication barriers.
• Recent phenotypic studies and classification efforts offer a foundation for future research.
• This review serves as a reference for advancing cardiovascular research through improved standardization.