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Outpatient Opioid Dispensing Patterns for SC Medicaid Children 1-36 Months Old

Laksika Banu M Sivaraj1, William T Basco2, Smith F Heavner1,3,4

  • 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Maternal and Child Health Journal
|March 20, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric opioid prescriptions declined for respiratory, injury, nervous system, and digestive conditions in children aged 1-36 months. However, congenital anomalies and genitourinary conditions saw increased opioid use.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pharmacology
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Opioid prescriptions in young children (1-36 months) are a public health concern.
  • Understanding diagnostic patterns associated with pediatric opioid use is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common diagnostic categories for opioid prescriptions in young children.
  • To analyze trends in these diagnostic categories from 2000 to 2017.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized South Carolina Medicaid claims data for pediatric outpatient opioid prescriptions (2000-2017).
  • Identified major opioid-related diagnostic categories using primary visit diagnoses and the Clinical Classification System (AHRQ-CCS).
  • Analyzed rates per 1,000 visits and relative percentages for each diagnostic category.

Main Results:

  • Six major categories identified: Respiratory (RESP), Congenital anomalies (CONG), Injury (INJURY), Nervous system (NEURO), Digestive (GI), and Genitourinary (GU).
  • Opioid prescription rates declined for RESP, INJURY, NEURO, and GI categories.
  • Rates increased for CONG and GU categories, with CONG becoming the most prevalent by 2014.

Conclusions:

  • Opioid dispensing rates decreased for most major diagnostic categories in young Medicaid beneficiaries.
  • Further research is needed to explore alternative pain management strategies for congenital anomalies and genitourinary conditions in children.
Abstract

Keywords:
Clinical Classifications SoftwareMedicaidPrescription opioidsYoung children

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