Salivary lipid mediators: Key indexes of inflammation regulation in heart failure disease

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity.
• Oxidative stress and inflammation are critical in CVD pathogenesis.
• Targeted modulation of inflammatory pathways, using endogenous lipid mediators, is crucial for treating chronic inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and apply a mass spectrometry (MS)-based platform for quantifying salivary lipid mediators in CVD patients.
• To investigate the association between specific lipid mediators and different CVD conditions, including acute heart failure (AHF), chronic heart failure (CHF), obesity, and hypertension.

Main Methods:

• Collected saliva samples from patients with AHF, CHF, obesity, and hypertension.
• Utilized a mass spectrometry (MS)-based platform for simultaneous quantitation of sixty salivary lipid mediators.
• Analyzed differences in lipid mediator levels across patient groups.

Main Results:

• Patients with AHF and hypertension exhibited elevated isoprostanoid levels, indicating increased oxidant insult.
• AHF patients showed lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids compared to obese individuals, consistent with the malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in heart failure.
• At hospital admission, AHF patients had higher omega-3 DPA and lower lipoxin B4 levels than CHF patients, suggesting lipid alterations during acute decompensation.

Conclusions:

• Salivary lipid mediators can serve as valuable biomarkers for cardiovascular conditions.
• Specific lipid profiles in saliva may predict re-acutisation episodes in heart failure patients.
• These findings offer potential for developing preventive interventions and reducing hospitalizations.