Impact of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury on long-term renal function in patients with solid tumors

The reality of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CIA) and its effects on long-term renal function remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for CIA development, and if CIA is a useful predictor of long-term renal dysfunction after cisplatin treatment.

This was a retrospective, single-center, observational, longitudinal follow-up, large cohort study in adult patients with solid tumors treated with cisplatin-based systematic chemotherapy. Electronic medical records were used for all demographic and medical data. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We assessed long-term renal dysfunction using %ΔeGFR/Y; (the last eGFR value during follow-up)-(the baseline eGFR)/(the baseline eGFR)/year of follow-up × 100.

A total of 2191 patients received 8,482 cycles of cisplatin. CIA was observed 359 times (4.2%). Significant risk factors for developing CIA, using multiple linear regression analysis, included: cisplatin administration immediately before the onset of CIA (p < 0.01), liver cancer (p = 0.02), colon cancer (p = 0.04), hypertension (p = 0.03), high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.01), and high C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.04). Significant risk factors for %ΔeGFR/Y, using multivariate linear regression analysis, included: esophageal cancer (p < 0.01), lung cancer (p < 0.01), pharyngeal cancer (p = 0.02), Head and neck cancer (p < 0.01), liver cancer (p = 0.02), potassium (p < 0.01), and CIA (p < 0.01).

To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that CIA is a significant predictive risk factor for long-term renal dysfunction after cisplatin administration. Effective strategies are needed to prevent CIA in cancer patients.