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Candida haemulonii Complex and Candida auris: Biology, Virulence Factors, Immune Response, and Multidrug Resistance

Manuela Gómez-Gaviria1, José A Martínez-Álvarez1, Joaquín O Chávez-Santiago1

  • 1Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México.

Infection and Drug Resistance
|March 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Multidrug-resistant Candida species, including Candida haemulonii complex and Candida auris, are increasing globally. These emerging pathogens exhibit antifungal resistance and adaptability, posing significant treatment challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Rising global incidence of multidrug-resistant fungal infections, particularly candidiasis.
  • Emergence of Candida haemulonii complex and Candida auris as significant opportunistic pathogens.
  • Increasing isolation rates of these species from clinical samples worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive literature review on the Candida haemulonii complex and Candida auris.
  • To analyze the biology, virulence, and adaptability of these emerging pathogens.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies, diagnostic approaches, and challenges in managing infections caused by these fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of biological characteristics and virulence factors.
  • Evaluation of antifungal resistance mechanisms and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Candida haemulonii complex and Candida auris demonstrate remarkable ability to evade antifungal drug action (amphotericin B, azoles, echinocandins).
  • These species exhibit phenotypic plasticity, facilitating adaptation to host environments and immune pressures.
  • Significant increase in clinical isolation of these multidrug-resistant yeasts has been observed.

Conclusions:

  • Candida haemulonii complex and Candida auris represent a growing threat due to their resistance and adaptability.
  • Effective diagnosis, treatment, and control strategies are urgently needed to combat these emerging pathogens.
  • Further research into their biology and virulence is crucial for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
Keywords:
Candida aurisCandida haemulonii complexantifungal resistancecandidiasiscryptic Candida speciesemerging pathogensvirulence factors

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