Candy cane syndrome presenting with refractory heartburn 15 years after Roux-en-Y bypass

Candy cane syndrome (CCS) is a rare complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), in which the afferent jejunal limb is excessively long. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. A 57-year-old female with a history of RYGB 15 years prior to presentation reported 7 months of persistent heartburn refractory to proton pump inhibitors. Upper endoscopy revealed a 9 cm blind, afferent jejunal limb. After the blind limb was resected laparoscopically, her symptoms resolved. Fifteen years is the longest duration reported from time of RYGB to symptom onset of CCS. Furthermore, heartburn is less frequently seen as a presenting complaint of CCS. Clinicians should thus maintain a high index of suspicion for CCS in patients with refractory heartburn and a history of RYGB, regardless of how long ago the RYGB was performed.