Labeling approaches for DNA-PAINT super-resolution imaging

Super-resolution imaging is becoming a commonly employed tool to visualize biological targets in unprecedented detail. DNA-PAINT is one of the single-molecule localization microscopy-based super-resolution imaging modalities allowing the ultra-high-resolution imaging with superior multiplexing capabilities. We discuss the importance of patterned DNA nanostructures in demonstrating the capabilities of DNA-PAINT and the design of various combinations of imager-docking strand pairs for imaging. Central to the implementation of DNA-PAINT imaging in a biological context is the generation of docking strand-conjugated binders against the target molecules. Several researchers have developed a variety of labelling probes for improving resolution while also providing multiplexing capabilities for the broader application of DNA-PAINT. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the repertoire of labelling probes used for DNA-PAINT in cells and the strategies implemented to chemically modify them with a docking strand.