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Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
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[What does excess mortality tell us?]

Olaf M Dekkers1,2, Mark G J de Boer3, Frits R Rosendaal4

  • 1LUMC, afd. Klinische Epidemiologie(tevens: LUMC, afd. Endocrinologie, Leiden).

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
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Summary

Excess mortality from COVID-19 in the Netherlands reached 30,000 in 2020-2021. This figure includes direct and indirect pandemic effects but cannot determine the optimality of public health measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global mortality rates.
  • Estimating excess mortality is crucial for understanding the pandemic's true burden.

Purpose:

  • To estimate excess mortality in the Netherlands during 2020-2021.
  • To differentiate between direct and indirect effects contributing to excess mortality.

Summary:

  • Excess mortality in the Netherlands (2020-2021) was approximately 30,000 deaths.
  • This accounts for deaths directly from COVID-19 and indirectly due to pandemic-related factors.
  • Excess mortality reflects actual observed deaths, not a counterfactual scenario.

Impact:

  • Excess mortality data provides a single-scenario view of pandemic impact on mortality.
  • It cannot be used to evaluate the effectiveness or optimality of specific public health interventions.
  • This metric solely addresses mortality, not broader health, social, or economic consequences.