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Coronavirus-19 and its Epidemiology in Children - An Ambispective Observational Study from Central India

Samsani Veena Sudeepthi1, Abinaya Kannan2, Atul Jindal3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Raipur, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|March 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The study found that while coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) prevalence in children was low, increasing severity, comorbidities, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were observed over time, leading to higher mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pediatric populations remains a critical area of research.
  • Understanding the evolving clinical spectrum and outcomes of COVID-19 in children is essential for public health preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in children under 16 years.
  • To analyze trends in disease severity, comorbidities, and mortality associated with COVID-19 waves in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • An ambispective observational study conducted at a tertiary care center in Central India.
  • Inclusion criteria: Children aged <16 years testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 between April 2020 and April 2022.
  • Data collection included demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of COVID-19 infection among included children was 1.2%.
  • Of 525 children, 16.9% had comorbidities. 59% were asymptomatic. Among symptomatic children, fever and cough were most common.
  • Increased severity, comorbidities, need for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, invasive ventilation, and mortality were observed with subsequent COVID-19 waves.

Conclusions:

  • While overall pediatric COVID-19 prevalence was low, disease severity and mortality increased over successive waves.
  • Comorbidities were significantly associated with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation.
  • Fever, shortness of breath, and vasoactive support were predictors of mortality in critically ill children.

Keywords:
COVID-19Corona virusMechanical ventilationPICUSARS-CoV2Vasoactive support

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