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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Relationship between Heart Rate Variability and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients.

Xuelian Li1, Xiren Deng1, Zhiwei Huang2

  • 1Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

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Lower heart rate variability (HRV), specifically the standard deviation of the interbeat interval (SDNN), is linked to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a measurable complication following anesthesia and surgery.
  • Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) correlates with diminished cognitive function, but its direct link to POCD is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between HRV parameters and the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement.
  • To explore the relationship between HRV, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNF), and POCD.

Main Methods:

  • Elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement under general anesthesia were studied.
  • Neuropsychological tests, standard deviation of the interbeat interval (SDNN), and plasma GDNF levels were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.
  • Statistical analysis identified factors associated with POCD.

Main Results:

  • POCD was diagnosed in 35% of patients 7 days after surgery.
  • Lower postoperative SDNN and longer surgical duration were significantly associated with POCD.
  • Patients with POCD exhibited greater changes in SDNN (Δ SDNN) and GDNF (ΔGDNF) from pre- to postoperative periods; ΔGDNF positively correlated with ΔSDNN.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced heart rate variability (SDNN) in the early postoperative period is associated with an increased risk of POCD.
  • Postoperative SDNN may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for identifying patients at risk of developing POCD.