Assessment of Pulmonary Functions and Dysfunctions in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Saumya Rajput1, Rachna Parashar2, Jai Prakash Sharma3
1Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND.
Abstract:
Background Diabetes mellitus causes microvascular complications in the eyes and kidneys as well as the nervous system, among other parts of the body. Lungs are a potential target organ for diabetic microvascular complications and remain the least researched among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to explore whether there is any difference in pulmonary functions in patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without. Methodology A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 participants each with and without type II diabetes mellitus. Pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of FVC in percentage (FEV1%), peak expiratory flow rate in L/second (PEFR), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 25% of FVC (FEF25%), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 50% of FVC (FEF50%), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 75% of FVC (FEF75%), forced expiratory flow rate during 25-75% of expiration (FEF25-75%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), of both groups were analyzed using the NDD Large True Flow (Easy One) spirometer (NDD Meditechnik AG., Switzerland). A fully automated chemistry analyzer and linear chromatography were used for glycemic control measurements. Results All pulmonary function test parameter values were lower in participants with diabetes mellitus compared to those without, except FEV1% and PEFR, which indicates a mixed pattern of lung dysfunction. FVC had a significant negative correlation with the duration of diabetes (r = -0.299, p = 0.034). Conclusions Type II diabetes mellitus patients had significant dysfunction in pulmonary functions with early involvement of restrictive parameters which can be monitored/diagnosed by regularly following up patients by measuring pulmonary functions, and, hence, can be taken care of.
Insights
Type II diabetes mellitus patients exhibit impaired pulmonary functions, with reduced lung volumes and airflow. Early detection through spirometry can help manage these diabetic complications.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Diabetology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is known to cause microvascular complications affecting eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
- The lungs are a potential target organ for diabetic microvascular complications, yet remain under-researched.
- This study investigates pulmonary function differences in type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare pulmonary function parameters in individuals with and without type II diabetes mellitus.
- To identify specific patterns of lung dysfunction associated with diabetes.
Main Methods:
- A comparative cross-sectional study involving 50 participants with type II diabetes mellitus and 50 without.
- Pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR, FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25-75%, MVV) were performed using an NDD Easy One spirometer.
- Glycemic control was assessed using automated chemistry analyzers and linear chromatography.
Main Results:
- Participants with diabetes mellitus showed lower values for most pulmonary function parameters compared to the control group.
- Forced vital capacity (FVC) demonstrated a significant negative correlation with diabetes duration (r = -0.299, p = 0.034).
- A mixed pattern of lung dysfunction was observed, with exceptions in FEV1% and PEFR.
Conclusions:
- Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with significant pulmonary function impairment.
- Restrictive lung parameters appear to be involved early in the disease process.
- Regular pulmonary function monitoring in diabetic patients can aid in early diagnosis and management of lung complications.
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