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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

7.7K
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

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Relapse timing is associated with distinct evolutionary dynamics in DLBCL.

Laura K Hilton1,2, Henry S Ngu1, Brett Collinge1,3

  • 1Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|March 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Outcomes for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are poor. Late relapses may represent distinct, chemotherapy-naïve disease, suggesting new therapeutic strategies are needed for these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has a high cure rate, but outcomes for relapsed or refractory disease (rrDLBCL) remain poor.
  • Salvage therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation efficacy in rrDLBCL correlate with time to relapse.

Approach:

  • Whole genome and exome sequencing (WGS/WES) were performed on tumors from 73 serially-biopsied rrDLBCL patients.
  • Patients were stratified by relapse timing to investigate the relationship between genetic divergence and response to salvage immunochemotherapy.

Key Points:

  • Mutational divergence increased with time between biopsies, but key genetic features remained largely concordant.
  • Highly divergent tumors acquired exclusive mutations independently, suggesting early genetic events constrain tumor evolution.
  • Concordance in genetics-based subgroups despite divergence implies shared origins.

Conclusions:

  • Late relapses in DLBCL may represent genetically distinct and chemotherapy-naïve disease entities.
  • Understanding tumor evolution in rrDLBCL is crucial for developing effective salvage therapies.