Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

700
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
700
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

5.0K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.0K
Transduction01:16

Transduction

52
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
52
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.7K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.7K
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.2K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acellular nerve perineurium repairs peripheral nerve injuries in a rat model via ECM-mediated barrier and optimization of the regenerative microenvironment.

Regenerative biomaterials·2026
Same author

Branched actin polymerization drives invasive protrusion formation to promote myoblast fusion during mouse skeletal muscle regeneration.

eLife·2026
Same author

Nucleotide metabolic rewiring enables NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation in obesity.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Contralateral C7 nerve transfer combined with human acellular nerve allograft as a viable strategy for spastic upper limb paralysis.

European journal of medical research·2026
Same author

A vast stem-progenitor cell pool, richly vascular system, and hybrid ossification drive the daily centimeter-scale elongation of bony antlers.

iMeta·2025
Same author

Abnormal upregulation of SPP1 promotes fibrotic scar after peripheral nerve repair (FS-PNR) by driving M2 macrophage polarization.

Experimental neurology·2025
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
11:44

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: September 18, 2014

8.9K

RNA Sensing and Innate Immunity Constitutes a Barrier for Interspecies Chimerism.

Yingying Hu1,2,3, Hai-Xi Sun2,4,5, Masahiro Sakurai1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modifying host mouse embryos by disrupting RNA sensing pathways significantly enhances human cell survival in interspecies chimeras. This approach improves chimerism by targeting host innate immunity, not donor cells.

More Related Videos

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions
06:05

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.7K
Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
11:44

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: September 18, 2014

8.9K
A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions
06:05

A BW Reporter System for Studying Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.7K
Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Interspecies chimeras using human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are crucial for disease modeling and organ transplantation.
  • Current limitations include low human cell contribution to chimeric embryos, often addressed by genetically modifying donor PSCs.
  • Enhancing chimerism by modifying host embryos remains largely unexplored.

Conclusions:

  • RNA sensing and innate immunity in host "winner" cells play an unrecognized role in interspecies cell competition.
  • Demonstrated a proof-of-concept for enhancing interspecies chimerism by modifying host embryos.
  • Suggests contact-dependent RNA transfer mediates cross-species interactions, impacting chimera formation.